## Monads ##
* [[!wikipedia Monad (functional programming) desc="Monads in Functional Programming"]]
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* [A Gentle Intro to Haskell: About Monads](http://www.haskell.org/tutorial/monads.html)
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* [Understanding Haskell Monads](http://ertes.de/articles/monads.html)
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* [The State Monad: a tutorial for the confused?](http://coder.bsimmons.name/blog/2009/10/the-state-monad-a-tutorial-for-the-confused/)
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* [Beyond Monads](http://blog.sigfpe.com/2009/02/beyond-monads.html)
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* [Simple Explanation of a Monad](http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/405/simple-explanation-of-a-monad)
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* [What is a Monad?](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/44965/what-is-a-monad)
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* [Can Anyone Explain Monads?](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2366/can-anyone-explain-monads)
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* [Monad in Plain English...](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2704652/monad-in-plain-english-for-the-oop-programmer-with-no-fp-background)
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* [Monad in non-programming terms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3261729/monad-in-non-programming-terms)
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* [Real World Haskell: chapter on Monads](http://book.realworldhaskell.org/read/monads.html)
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* [Learn You a Haskell for Great Good: chapter on Functors, Applicative Functors and Monoids](http://www.learnyouahaskell.com/functors-applicative-functors-and-monoids)
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* Monads are Elephants:
[Part 1](http://james-iry.blogspot.com/2007/09/monads-are-elephants-part-1.html)
[Part 2](http://james-iry.blogspot.com/2007/10/monads-are-elephants-part-2.html)
[Part 3](http://james-iry.blogspot.com/2007/10/monads-are-elephants-part-3.html)
[Part 4](http://james-iry.blogspot.com/2007/11/monads-are-elephants-part-4.html)
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* [Brian Beckman: Don't fear the Monad (67 minute video)](http://channel9.msdn.com/shows/Going+Deep/Brian-Beckman-Dont-fear-the-Monads/)
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* [A monad non-tutorial...or why you shouldn't ask what a monad is](http://strongtyped.blogspot.com/2010/01/monad-non-tutorial.html)
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* [The Mother of all Monads](http://blog.sigfpe.com/2008/12/mother-of-all-monads.html)
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* [You Could Have Invented Monads! (And Maybe You Already Have.)](http://blog.sigfpe.com/2006/08/you-could-have-invented-monads-and.html)
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* [Monads! (and Why Monad Tutorials Are All Awful)](http://ahamsandwich.wordpress.com/2007/07/26/monads-and-why-monad-tutorials-are-all-awful/)
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* [Of monads and spacesuits (archived)](http://www.iterasi.net/openviewer.aspx?sqrlitid=ixx7fcluvek_9lfolsxr_g)
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* [Haskell wikibook: Understanding monads](http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Haskell/Understanding_monads)
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* Haskell state monads: [part 1](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/1765.html) [part 2](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/1901.html)
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* [How not to explain Haskell monads](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/1205.html)
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* Yet Another Monad Tutorial: [part 1](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/3917.html) [part 2](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/4305.html)
[part 3](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/4586.html) [part 4](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/4647.html)
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* [Research Papers/Monads and Arrows](http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Research_papers/Monads_and_arrows)
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* [Philip Wadler. Monads for Functional Programming](http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wadler/papers/marktoberdorf/baastad.pdf):
in M. Broy, editor, *Marktoberdorf Summer School on Program Design Calculi*, Springer Verlag, NATO ASI Series F: Computer and systems sciences, Volume 118, August 1992. Also in J. Jeuring and E. Meijer, editors, *Advanced Functional Programming*, Springer Verlag, LNCS 925, 1995. Some errata fixed August 2001.
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The use of monads to structure functional programs is described. Monads provide a convenient framework for simulating effects found in other languages, such as global state, exception handling, output, or non-determinism. Three case studies are looked at in detail: how monads ease the modification of a simple evaluator; how monads act as the basis of a datatype of arrays subject to in-place update; and how monads can be used to build parsers.
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* [Philip Wadler. The essence of functional programming](http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wadler/papers/essence/essence.ps):
invited talk, *19'th Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages*, ACM Press, Albuquerque, January 1992.
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This paper explores the use monads to structure functional programs. No prior knowledge of monads or category theory is required.
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Monads increase the ease with which programs may be modified. They can mimic the effect of impure features such as exceptions, state, and continuations; and also provide effects not easily achieved with such features. The types of a program reflect which effects occur.
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The first section is an extended example of the use of monads. A simple interpreter is modified to support various extra features: error messages, state, output, and non-deterministic choice. The second section describes the relation between monads and continuation-passing style. The third section sketches how monads are used in a compiler for Haskell that is written in Haskell.
## Monads in Category Theory ##
* [[!wikipedia Continuation-passing style]]
* [[!wikipedia Call-with-current-continuation]]
* [Intro to call/cc](http://community.schemewiki.org/?call-with-current-continuation) at SchemeWiki
-* [[!wikipedia Delimited continuation]]
-* [Delimited/composable continuations tutorial](composable-continuations-tutorial) at SchemeWiki
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* [Call With Current Continuation](http://www.c2.com/cgi/wiki?CallWithCurrentContinuation)
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* [Continuations Made Simple and Illustrated](http://www.ps.uni-saarland.de/~duchier/python/continuations.html)
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* [Continuation kata](http://programming-musings.org/2006/02/12/continuation-kata/)
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* [Understanding continuations](http://keithdevens.com/weblog/archive/2004/Jul/11/continuations) [Commentary](http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/86)
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-* [[!wikipedia Continuation]]
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-* [Haskell wiki on Continuations](http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Continuation)
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* [Continuations In Scheme](http://tech.phillipwright.com/2010/05/23/continuations-in-scheme/)
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* [Understanding Scheme Continuations](http://sanjaypande.blogspot.com/2004/06/understanding-scheme-continuations.html). This is tagged "Part I" but I think there's no further parts.
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* [Continuations for Curmudgeons](http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/04/13/Continuations-for-Curmudgeons) [Commentary](http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/643)
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-* [composable-continuations-tutorial](http://community.schemewiki.org/?composable-continuations-tutorial)
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-* [Post by Ken on Lambda the Ultimate explaining difference btw undelimited and delimited continuations](http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/1197#comment-12927)
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+* [Haskell wiki on Continuations](http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Continuation)<p>
+* [[!wikipedia Delimited continuation]]
+* [Composable Continuations Tutorial](http://community.schemewiki.org/?composable-continuations-tutorial) at SchemeWiki
+* [Post by Ken](http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/1197#comment-12927) on Lambda the Ultimate explaining difference between undelimited and delimited continuations
* [shift, reset and streams](http://chneukirchen.org/blog/archive/2005/04/shift-reset-and-streams.html)
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* [guile and delimited continuations](http://www.wingolog.org/archives/2010/02/26/guile-and-delimited-continuations)
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* [Delimited continuations in Scala](http://blog.richdougherty.com/2009/02/delimited-continuations-in-scala_24.html)
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* [Delimited Continuations Explained (in Scala)](http://dcsobral.blogspot.com/2009/07/delimited-continuations-explained-in.html)
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* [Partial Continuations](http://www.bluishcoder.co.nz/articles/scheme/partial-continuations.html)
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-* [Online Bibliography of Scheme Research: Continuations and Continuation Passing Style](http://library.readscheme.org/page6.html)
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* Delimited Continuations in MzScheme:
[Part 1](http://schemekeys.blogspot.com/2006/11/prompts-their-interaction-with-dynamic.html)
[Part 2](http://schemekeys.blogspot.com/2006/12/delimited-continuations-in-mzscheme.html)
[Part 3](http://schemekeys.blogspot.com/2007/01/going-further-with-primitives.html)
-[Part 4](http://schemekeys.blogspot.com/2007/01/odd-and-ends.html)
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+[Part 4](http://schemekeys.blogspot.com/2007/01/odd-and-ends.html)<p>
+* [Online Bibliography of Scheme Research: Continuations and Continuation Passing Style](http://library.readscheme.org/page6.html)
* [Delimited continuations in natural language semantics](http://okmij.org/ftp/gengo/)