more complicated expression that, he argues, refers to Plexy, but this
nicety is not crucial to our discussion here.)
+## Types to the rescue
+
Kaplan's solution is, in effect, to impose a type system on his
-grammar in such a way that structured meanings cannot be confused with
+grammar in such a way that complex structured meanings cannot be confused with
the referent of a directly-referential term. He suggests that the
meaning of a directly referential term always be marked by a special
bit of structure that is unique to direct reference. More concretely,
the class of objects that can serve as the complex structure
corresponding to a DP that is not directly referential.
+## Motivating Maybe
+
Kaplan goes on to use this solution to attack a different problem, the
problem of non-referring names. Russell supposed that if a name had
no referent (e.g., *Santa*), a sentence containing that name would