+From philosophy
+---------------
+
+* the natural semantics for positive free logic is thought by some to have objectionable ontological commitments; Jim says that thought turns on not understanding the notion of a "union type", and conflating the folk notion of "naming" with the technical notion of semantic value. We'll discuss this in due course.
+
+* those issues may bear on Russell's Gray's Elegy argument in "On Denoting"
+
+* and on discussion of the difference between the meaning of "is beautiful" and "beauty," and the difference between the meaning of "that snow is white" and "the proposition that snow is white."
+
+* the apparatus of monads, and techniques for statically representing the semantics of an imperatival language quite generally, are explicitly or implicitly invoked in dynamic semantics
+
+* the semantics for mutation will enable us to make sense of a difference between numerical and qualitative identity---for purely mathematical objects!
+
+* issues in that same neighborhood will help us better understand proposals like Kit Fine's that semantics is essentially coordinated, and that `R a a` and `R a b` can differ in interpretation even when `a` and `b` don't
+
+
Basics of Lambda Calculus
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