From dee8d3549b1c60ed6b407c1c88f2473aee152623 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jim Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2015 05:39:49 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] formatting --- ...ramming_languages_running_on_your_computer.mdwn | 295 +++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 148 insertions(+), 147 deletions(-) diff --git a/how_to_get_the_programming_languages_running_on_your_computer.mdwn b/how_to_get_the_programming_languages_running_on_your_computer.mdwn index 04c762e1..5f4c9f5d 100644 --- a/how_to_get_the_programming_languages_running_on_your_computer.mdwn +++ b/how_to_get_the_programming_languages_running_on_your_computer.mdwn @@ -14,66 +14,67 @@ running. (Under the Apple Menu, select "About this Mac".) If you're running **iOS**, you probably can't use this software on that machine. (A bit more below.) -Furthermore, you'll be in one of two subgroups: - -* You'll have Apple's Xcode and the independent MacPorts system - installed. (Probably you don't. If you don't know what I'm talking about, you don't have these.) - - If you don't have these, but want to try this route, you can read about - the MacPorts system at . - This automates the building of Unix-type software on your Mac; it - makes it a lot easier to check for dependencies, use more-recent - versions of things, and so on. (Though as it happens, MacPorts only has an older version of - our chosen implementation of Scheme.) - - There are also other package management systems available for the Mac, notably Homebrew and Fink. I only know a little bit about them. - - Xcode is available at - . Some - versions of this have been available for free, though you do have to - register with Apple as an "Apple Developer", which involves accepting a - legal agreement with Apple. I have an older version of this installed. - If you download a recent version, email me and let me know how the - process works so I can tell others. There are instructions about how to - get Xcode in the MacPorts installation guide. - - -* Or you won't have those installed. (**Most Mac users will be in this group.**) - Then you'll need pre-packaged (and usually pretty GUI) installers for - everything. These are great when they're available and kept up-to-date; - however sometimes those conditions aren't met. +Furthermore, Mac users will be in one of two subgroups: + +* You'll have Apple's Xcode and the independent MacPorts system + installed. (Probably you don't. If you don't know what I'm talking about, you don't have these.) + If you don't have these, but want to try this route, you can read about + the MacPorts system at . + This automates the building of Unix-type software on your Mac; it + makes it a lot easier to check for dependencies, use more-recent + versions of things, and so on. (Though as it happens, MacPorts only has an older version of + our chosen implementation of Scheme.) + + There are also other package management systems available for the Mac, notably Homebrew and Fink. I only know a little bit about them. + + Xcode is available at + . Some + versions of this have been available for free, though you do have to + register with Apple as an "Apple Developer", which involves accepting a + legal agreement with Apple. I have an older version of this installed. + If you download a recent version, email me and let me know how the + process works so I can tell others. There are instructions about how to + get Xcode in the MacPorts installation guide. + + +* Or you won't have those installed. (**Most Mac users will be in this group.**) + Then you'll need pre-packaged (and usually pretty GUI) installers for + everything. These are great when they're available and kept up-to-date; + however sometimes those conditions aren't met. If you're using **Windows**, you'll be in one of two subgroups: -* You'll have the Cygwin system - installed. - This puts a Unix-like layer on top of your Windows system, - and makes it easier for you to use the same software everybody - else will be using, without its needing as much special-for-Windows - treatment. However, many of you won't have this installed. +* You'll have the Cygwin system + installed. + This puts a Unix-like layer on top of your Windows system, + and makes it easier for you to use the same software everybody + else will be using, without its needing as much special-for-Windows + treatment. However, many of you won't have this installed. + +* You won't have Cygwin installed. (**Most Windows users will be in this group.**) + You might in theory have a different group of compilers installed + (MinGW, or Microsoft Visual C++) but we'll assume that the overwhelming + majority of users in this group don't have access to a compiler and + need pre-packaged installers for everything. -* You won't have Cygwin installed. You might in theory have - a different group of compilers installed (MinGW, or Microsoft Visual C++) but - we'll assume that the overwhelming majority of users in this group - don't have access to a compiler and need pre-packaged installers - for everything. If you're using **Linux**, you could be using any one of numerous packaging systems. -* We'll give examples using the packaging system shared by Debian and Ubuntu, - and we'll assume that those of you using different packaging systems will know - how to make the relevant substitutions. You may also want to take note of the - output of the "uname -srm" command. On my machine this tells me "Linux - 3.12.8-extrastuff x86\_64". That tells me I'm running the x86\_64 (as opposed to the - i686 or i386 or whatever) version of Linux, and that I'm running kernel - version 3.12.8. +* We'll give examples using the packaging system shared by Debian and Ubuntu, + and we'll assume that those of you using different packaging systems will know + how to make the relevant substitutions. You may also want to take note of the + output of the "uname -srm" command. On my machine this tells me "Linux + 3.12.8-extrastuff x86\_64". That tells me I'm running the x86\_64 (as opposed to the + i686 or i386 or whatever) version of Linux, and that I'm running kernel + version 3.12.8. + **For all of these groups**, a general item to take note of is what "processor architecture" your machine is running. Three of the possibilities are: @@ -133,58 +134,58 @@ Racket has several components. The two most visible components for us are a comm The current version of Racket is 6.1.1 (released November 2014). -* In your web browser: +* In your web browser: - There is a (slow, bare-bones) version of Scheme available for online use at . + There is a (slow, bare-bones) version of Scheme available for online use at . -* **To install in Windows** +* **To install in Windows** - Go to . Download and install the "Windows x64" version. (Or the "Windows x86" verson if you have an older, 32-bit system.) + Go to . Download and install the "Windows x64" version. (Or the "Windows x86" verson if you have an older, 32-bit system.) -* **To install on Mac without MacPorts** +* **To install on Mac without MacPorts** - Go to . Download and install the option for your system, most likely "Macintosh - OS X (Intel 64-bit)". + Go to . Download and install the option for your system, most likely "Macintosh + OS X (Intel 64-bit)". -* **To install on Mac with MacPorts** +* **To install on Mac with MacPorts** - Unfortunately, MacPorts doesn't have Racket itself available. It only has an older version from when they still called - themselves PLT Scheme. And even then, it only has the command-line program "mzscheme" (what's nowadays called "racket"); it - doesn't have the GUI program that corresponds to what's now called "DrRacket". You can install mzscheme by opening a Terminal - window and typing: + Unfortunately, MacPorts doesn't have Racket itself available. It only has an older version from when they still called + themselves PLT Scheme. And even then, it only has the command-line program "mzscheme" (what's nowadays called "racket"); it + doesn't have the GUI program that corresponds to what's now called "DrRacket". You can install mzscheme by opening a Terminal + window and typing: - sudo port install mzscheme + sudo port install mzscheme - If you want the GUI components, I think you'll need to use the - "Mac/without MacPorts" installation options above. + If you want the GUI components, I think you'll need to use the + "Mac/without MacPorts" installation options above. - I recommend also typing: + I recommend also typing: - sudo port install rlwrap + sudo port install rlwrap - then if you ever use the command-line program `mzscheme` (or `racket`), you should start it by typing `rlwrap mzscheme`. This gives - you a nice history of the commands you've already typed, which you can scroll up and down in with your - keyboard arrows. + then if you ever use the command-line program `mzscheme` (or `racket`), you should start it by typing `rlwrap mzscheme`. This gives + you a nice history of the commands you've already typed, which you can scroll up and down in with your + keyboard arrows. -* **To install on Linux** +* **To install on Linux** - Use your packaging system, for example, open a Terminal and - type: + Use your packaging system, for example, open a Terminal and + type: - sudo apt-get install racket + sudo apt-get install racket - It's very likely that your packaging system has some version of - Racket available, so look for it. However, if you can't find it you - can also install a pre-packaged binary from the Racket website at . - Choose the option for your version of Linux (Ubuntu and Debian are available). + It's very likely that your packaging system has some version of + Racket available, so look for it. However, if you can't find it you + can also install a pre-packaged binary from the Racket website at . + Choose the option for your version of Linux (Ubuntu and Debian are available). - As above, I recommend you also type: + As above, I recommend you also type: - sudo apt-get rlwrap + sudo apt-get rlwrap - then if you ever use the command-line program `mzscheme` (or `racket`), you should start it by typing `rlwrap mzscheme`. This gives - you a nice history of the commands you've already typed, which you can scroll up and down in with your - keyboard arrows. + then if you ever use the command-line program `mzscheme` (or `racket`), you should start it by typing `rlwrap mzscheme`. This gives + you a nice history of the commands you've already typed, which you can scroll up and down in with your + keyboard arrows. ## Getting OCaml ## @@ -205,89 +206,89 @@ The current version of OCaml is 4.02.1 (released October 2014). Another instruction page focuses on [OPAM](http://ocaml.org/docs/install.html), also [this](https://opam.ocaml.org). -* In your web browser: +* In your web browser: - There is a (slow, bare-bones) version of OCaml available for online use at . + There is a (slow, bare-bones) version of OCaml available for online use at . -* **To install in Windows** +* **To install in Windows** - Go to . - You can probably download and install the - "Self installer for the port based on the MinGW toolchain" - even if you don't know what MinGW or Cygwin are. - Some features of this require Cygwin, but it looks like - it should mostly work even for users without Cygwin. - At the time of this writing, only an installer for the previous - version of OCaml (3.11.0, from January 2010) is available. + Go to . + You can probably download and install the + "Self installer for the port based on the MinGW toolchain" + even if you don't know what MinGW or Cygwin are. + Some features of this require Cygwin, but it looks like + it should mostly work even for users without Cygwin. + At the time of this writing, only an installer for the previous + version of OCaml (3.11.0, from January 2010) is available. - To install the Findlib add-on, you must have the - Cygwin system installed. We assume few of you do, - so we're not going to try to explain how to do this. - If you want to figure it out yourself, go to the - Findlib website at . + To install the Findlib add-on, you must have the + Cygwin system installed. We assume few of you do, + so we're not going to try to explain how to do this. + If you want to figure it out yourself, go to the + Findlib website at . -* **To install on Mac without MacPorts** +* **To install on Mac without MacPorts** - To install OCaml 3.12 (just released this summer), go to - - and download and install the "Binary distribution for Mac OS X" + To install OCaml 3.12 (just released this summer), go to + + and download and install the "Binary distribution for Mac OS X" - To install the Findlib add-on, you'll need the Xcode development tools - to compile it yourself. Once you get that far, it's probably easiest - for you to install MacPorts and just install things using the MacPorts - instructions. (Use the MacPorts version of OCaml, instead of installing - the package from the caml.inria.fr website, as described above) - However, if you do have Xcode, and want to do without MacPorts, then - what you need to do is download Findlib from - . - Unpack the download, open a Terminal and go into the folder you just - unpacked, and type: + To install the Findlib add-on, you'll need the Xcode development tools + to compile it yourself. Once you get that far, it's probably easiest + for you to install MacPorts and just install things using the MacPorts + instructions. (Use the MacPorts version of OCaml, instead of installing + the package from the caml.inria.fr website, as described above) + However, if you do have Xcode, and want to do without MacPorts, then + what you need to do is download Findlib from + . + Unpack the download, open a Terminal and go into the folder you just + unpacked, and type: - ./configure - make package-macosx + ./configure + make package-macosx - This will build an installer package which you should be able to - double-click and install. + This will build an installer package which you should be able to + double-click and install. -* **To install on Mac with MacPorts** +* **To install on Mac with MacPorts** - You can install the previous version of OCaml (3.11.2, - from January 2010), together with the Findlib add-on, by opening a Terminal - and typing: + You can install the previous version of OCaml (3.11.2, + from January 2010), together with the Findlib add-on, by opening a Terminal + and typing: - sudo port install ocaml caml-findlib + sudo port install ocaml caml-findlib - As with Scheme, it's helpful to also have rlwrap installed, and to start OCaml as `rlwrap ocaml`. This gives - you a nice history of the commands you've already typed, which you can scroll up and down in with your - keyboard arrows. + As with Scheme, it's helpful to also have rlwrap installed, and to start OCaml as `rlwrap ocaml`. This gives + you a nice history of the commands you've already typed, which you can scroll up and down in with your + keyboard arrows. -* [More details about installing OCaml on Macs, if needed](http://cocan.org/getting_started_with_ocaml_on_mac_os_x) +* [More details about installing OCaml on Macs, if needed](http://cocan.org/getting_started_with_ocaml_on_mac_os_x) -* **To install on Linux** +* **To install on Linux** - Use your packaging system, for example, open a Terminal and - type: + Use your packaging system, for example, open a Terminal and + type: - sudo apt-get install ocaml ocaml-findlib + sudo apt-get install ocaml ocaml-findlib - That will install a version of OCaml and the Findlib add-on. + That will install a version of OCaml and the Findlib add-on. - If for some reason you can't get OCaml through your - packaging system, you can go to - . - Pre-packaged binary installers are available for several Linux systems. + If for some reason you can't get OCaml through your + packaging system, you can go to + . + Pre-packaged binary installers are available for several Linux systems. - If you can't get findlib through your packaging system, you'll - need to download it from - . - and use gcc to compile it yourself. If you don't know how to - do that, you probably don't want to attempt this. - Here are the INSTALL notes: - . + If you can't get findlib through your packaging system, you'll + need to download it from + . + and use gcc to compile it yourself. If you don't know how to + do that, you probably don't want to attempt this. + Here are the INSTALL notes: + . - As with Scheme, it's helpful to also have rlwrap installed, and to start OCaml as `rlwrap ocaml`. This gives - you a nice history of the commands you've already typed, which you can scroll up and down in with your - keyboard arrows. + As with Scheme, it's helpful to also have rlwrap installed, and to start OCaml as `rlwrap ocaml`. This gives + you a nice history of the commands you've already typed, which you can scroll up and down in with your + keyboard arrows. ## Getting Haskell ## @@ -306,9 +307,9 @@ other. But these languages also have *a lot* in common, and if you're familiar with one of them, it's generally not hard to move between it and the other. -* In your web browser: +* In your web browser: - There is a (slow, bare-bones) version of Haskell available for online use at . + There is a (slow, bare-bones) version of Haskell available for online use at . sudo apk-get install haskell-platform -- 2.11.0