+## Monads ##
+
+* [Monad in Functional Programming](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monad_(functional_programming))
+
+* [A Gentle Intro to Haskell: About Monads](http://www.haskell.org/tutorial/monads.html)
+
+* [Understanding Haskell Monads](http://ertes.de/articles/monads.html)
+
+* [The State Monad: a tutorial for the confused?](http://coder.bsimmons.name/blog/2009/10/the-state-monad-a-tutorial-for-the-confused/)
+
+* [Beyond Monads](http://blog.sigfpe.com/2009/02/beyond-monads.html)
+
+* [Simple Explanation of a Monad](http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/405/simple-explanation-of-a-monad)
+
+* [What is a Monad?](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/44965/what-is-a-monad)
+
+* [Can Anyone Explain Monads?](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2366/can-anyone-explain-monads)
+
+* [Monad in Plain English...](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2704652/monad-in-plain-english-for-the-oop-programmer-with-no-fp-background)
+
+* [Monad in non-programming terms](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3261729/monad-in-non-programming-terms)
+
+* [Real World Haskell: chapter on Monads](http://book.realworldhaskell.org/read/monads.html)
+
+* [Learn You a Haskell for Great Good: chapter on Functors, Applicative Functors and Monoids](http://www.learnyouahaskell.com/functors-applicative-functors-and-monoids)
+
+* Monads are Elephants:
+[Part 1](http://james-iry.blogspot.com/2007/09/monads-are-elephants-part-1.html)
+[Part 2](http://james-iry.blogspot.com/2007/10/monads-are-elephants-part-2.html)
+[Part 3](http://james-iry.blogspot.com/2007/10/monads-are-elephants-part-3.html)
+[Part 4](http://james-iry.blogspot.com/2007/11/monads-are-elephants-part-4.html)
+
+* Brian Beckman: Don't fear the Monad (67 minute video)](http://channel9.msdn.com/shows/Going+Deep/Brian-Beckman-Dont-fear-the-Monads/)
+
+* A monad non-tutorial...or why you shouldn't ask what a monad is](http://strongtyped.blogspot.com/2010/01/monad-non-tutorial.html)
+
+* The Mother of all Monads](http://blog.sigfpe.com/2008/12/mother-of-all-monads.html)
+
+* You Could Have Invented Monads! (And Maybe You Already Have.)](http://blog.sigfpe.com/2006/08/you-could-have-invented-monads-and.html)
+
+* Monads! (and Why Monad Tutorials Are All Awful)](http://ahamsandwich.wordpress.com/2007/07/26/monads-and-why-monad-tutorials-are-all-awful/)
+
+* Of monads and spacesuits (archived)](http://www.iterasi.net/openviewer.aspx?sqrlitid=ixx7fcluvek_9lfolsxr_g)
+
+* [Haskell wikibook: Understanding monads](http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Haskell/Understanding_monads)
+
+* Haskell state monads: [part 1](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/1765.html) [part 2](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/1901.html)
+
+* [How not to explain Haskell monads](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/1205.html)
+
+* Yet Another Monad Tutorial: [part 1](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/3917.html) [part 2](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/4305.html)
+ [part 3](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/4586.html) [part 4](http://mvanier.livejournal.com/4647.html)
+
+* [Research Papers/Monads and Arrows](http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Research_papers/Monads_and_arrows)
+
+* [Philip Wadler. Monads for Functional Programming](http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wadler/papers/marktoberdorf/baastad.pdf):
+in M. Broy, editor, *Marktoberdorf Summer School on Program Design Calculi*, Springer Verlag, NATO ASI Series F: Computer and systems sciences, Volume 118, August 1992. Also in J. Jeuring and E. Meijer, editors, *Advanced Functional Programming*, Springer Verlag, LNCS 925, 1995. Some errata fixed August 2001.
+
+ The use of monads to structure functional programs is described. Monads provide a convenient framework for simulating effects found in other languages, such as global state, exception handling, output, or non-determinism. Three case studies are looked at in detail: how monads ease the modification of a simple evaluator; how monads act as the basis of a datatype of arrays subject to in-place update; and how monads can be used to build parsers.
+
+* [Philip Wadler. The essence of functional programming](http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wadler/papers/essence/essence.ps):
+invited talk, *19'th Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages*, ACM Press, Albuquerque, January 1992.
+
+ This paper explores the use monads to structure functional programs. No prior knowledge of monads or category theory is required.
+
+ Monads increase the ease with which programs may be modified. They can mimic the effect of impure features such as exceptions, state, and continuations; and also provide effects not easily achieved with such features. The types of a program reflect which effects occur.
+
+ The first section is an extended example of the use of monads. A simple interpreter is modified to support various extra features: error messages, state, output, and non-deterministic choice. The second section describes the relation between monads and continuation-passing style. The third section sketches how monads are used in a compiler for Haskell that is written in Haskell.
+