X-Git-Url: http://lambda.jimpryor.net/git/gitweb.cgi?p=lambda.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=week1.mdwn;h=b4d584d4f7db1676ab42891b9e32f3d5980599f6;hp=5ae3e65f5c154f36a84432585178ed81bdb179ba;hb=1a4c40836dc37109b086d47ee9fb27c2f9726e6b;hpb=9452f39dcc5b7babde45142e2b24e3617813d6a6 diff --git a/week1.mdwn b/week1.mdwn index 5ae3e65f..b4d584d4 100644 --- a/week1.mdwn +++ b/week1.mdwn @@ -39,6 +39,24 @@ Basics of Lambda Calculus The lambda calculus we'll be focusing on for the first part of the course has no types. (Some prefer to say it instead has a single type---but if you say that, you have to say that functions from this type to this type also belong to this type. Which is weird.) +Here is its syntax: + +
+Variables: x, y, z... +
+ +Each variable is an expression. For any expressions M and N and variable a, the following are also expressions: + +
+Abstract: (λa M) +
+ +We'll tend to write (λa M) as just `(\a M)`, so we don't have to write out the markup code for the λ. You can yourself write (λa M) or `(\a M)` or `(lambda a M)`. + +
+Application: (M N) +
+ Some authors reserve the term "term" for just variables and abstracts. We'll probably just say "term" and "expression" indiscriminately for expressions of any of these three forms. Examples of expressions: @@ -585,7 +603,6 @@ Here's how it looks to say the same thing in various of these languages. It's easy to be lulled into thinking this is a kind of imperative construction. *But it's not!* It's really just a shorthand for the compound "let"-expressions we've already been looking at, taking the maximum syntactically permissible scope. (Compare the "dot" convention in the lambda calculus, discussed above.) - 9. Some shorthand OCaml permits you to abbreviate: @@ -656,9 +673,11 @@ Here's how it looks to say the same thing in various of these languages. and there's no more mutation going on there than there is in: + When a previously-bound variable is rebound in the way we see here, that's called **shadowing**: the outer binding is shadowed during the scope of the inner binding.