X-Git-Url: http://lambda.jimpryor.net/git/gitweb.cgi?p=lambda.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=how_to_get_the_programming_languages_running_on_your_computer.mdwn;h=dcd8d1fbe0bfa564cb095001e9941a29f98e6207;hp=426b53a7ed43627c723267d75fe2e8837333e099;hb=c10e4dd6e3e70551ba4e619dff1363c54af53afa;hpb=5513006d5e04b6fa2997c329d1050721df692506 diff --git a/how_to_get_the_programming_languages_running_on_your_computer.mdwn b/how_to_get_the_programming_languages_running_on_your_computer.mdwn index 426b53a7..dcd8d1fb 100644 --- a/how_to_get_the_programming_languages_running_on_your_computer.mdwn +++ b/how_to_get_the_programming_languages_running_on_your_computer.mdwn @@ -1,3 +1,28 @@ +## Notes ## + +* We were updating this page vigorously until about 2:30 pm on Saturday 31 +January. Now it is relatively stable, but we'll tweak it as we learn more. We +encourage you to try to get the software set up sooner rather than later, and +those who do so first should let us know how things go---whether it's smoothly +or not---so that we might possibly refine or expand the instructions for +others. It'd be great if you took careful notes of what you did, step by step. +If our instructions are broken or misleading or incomplete, and you figure out +how to fix them on your own, it'd also be great if you can tell us what went +wrong and exactly what you did to achieve joy. + +* On a Mac or Linux system, you have a number of *system directories* such as `/usr` and `/Library`, + and also your *user home directory* which will be named something like `/User/george` or `/home/george` + if you are `george`. Other ways to refer to the user home directory are as `~` (the tilde character) + or as `$HOME`. When installing software, you sometimes have a choice of whether to install it into + the system directories or in subdirectories of your user home. When this choice was available, + I made the instructions that follow select the latter. This makes it somewhat harder for things + to get messed up, and makes it somewhat easier for you to remove things later. + + If you're using a Mac without MacPorts (explained below), then Chicken and + OCaml will be installed under your user home; but Racket's and GHC's + Installers put them into system directories. + + ## Identifying your system ## We'll assume you're using either Mac OS X, or Windows, or Linux. @@ -100,6 +125,16 @@ with suggestions how we can change these instructions to make the process easier and more straightforward for others. +## Preliminaries ## + +If you're using Linux or a Mac without MacPorts, then open a Terminal and type the following. You probably want to copy and paste it to make sure you don't make mistakes: + + (IFS=:; for p in $PATH; do [ /usr/local/bin = "$p" ] && exit 0; done; + echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile) + mkdir -p ~/bin + echo 'export PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile + + ## Getting Scheme ## **Scheme** is one of two or three major dialects of *Lisp*, which is a large family @@ -148,28 +183,30 @@ The current version of Racket is 6.1.1 (released November 2014). After you copy the files from the Installation disk to your /Applications folder, I think it's helpful to do these additional steps. In a Terminal, type: sudo ln -s /Applications/Racket*/DrRacket.app /Applications/ - sudo ln -s /Applications/Racket*/bin/racket /usr/bin/ + ln -s /Applications/Racket*/bin/racket ~/bin/ + + (If you get an error about ".../bin/: No such file or directory", then you didn't follow the Preliminary instructions above.) Then you can launch Racket either by double-clicking the DrRacket icon in your Applications folder (this gives you the GUI interface); or by typing `racket` in a Terminal (this gives you the command-line version). + Instead of, or in addition to, the first line above, you could drag the *DrRacket.app* icon to your Dock. + * **To instead install Chicken Scheme on Mac without MacPorts** Here are the exact steps I just verified worked. Note that I *first installed the Haskell Platform*, described further down this page; that installed some developer tools that were needed to build and install Chicken. If you don't know how to open a Terminal, move between directories, copy / rename / delete files and so on, then you're probably best off not doing this. You could break something. 1. Go to , and click the "Source code" link near the top. Current version is 4.9.0.1, released November 2014. This should fetch a file to your download folder, and will probably automatically unpack that file into a folder, "chicken-4.9.0.1". Click on that folder and press command-C / Copy, then open a Terminal. - 2. In the terminal type `cd` followed by a space, then press command-V / Paste. Then press enter. This will move your session into the folder you just downloaded. - 3. Type `less README` and read that file. - 4. Type `sudo mkdir -p /usr/local` - 5. Type `make PLATFORM=macosx XCODE_DEVELOPER= XCODE_TOOL_PATH=/usr/bin` + 2. In the terminal type `cd` followed by a space, then press command-V / Paste. Then press enter. This will move your session into the folder you just downloaded. + 3. Type `make PLATFORM=macosx XCODE_DEVELOPER= XCODE_TOOL_PATH=/usr/bin PREFIX=$HOME` The options starting with `XCODE_` are to tell the Chicken build scripts that I've got the developer tools installed in my main system, rather than as part of Xcode. (That's where the Haskell Platform installer put them.) Continuing: - 6. Wait a while while Chicken builds. - 7. If it finishes with no errors, then type `sudo make PLATFORM=macosx XCODE_TOOL_PATH=/usr/bin install`. This will prompt you for your account password, and then install Chicken underneath your `/usr/local` directory. - 8. At this point you can type `which chicken`. If it gives you an answer of "/usr/local/bin/chicken", then skip to the next step. Else you should type `echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc`, then exit and restart your Terminal session. - 9. In your terminal, type `chicken-install -sudo r7rs datatype matchable monad`. This will download, build, and install a few extensions (Chicken calls them "eggs") relevant to ideas we'll be working with in this course. + 4. Wait a while while Chicken builds. + 5. If it finishes with no errors, then type `make PLATFORM=macosx XCODE_TOOL_PATH=/usr/bin PREFIX=$HOME install`. This will install Chicken in your user home directory. + 6. At this point you can type `which chicken`. It should give you an answer of "/Users/yourname/bin/chicken". + 7. In your terminal, type `chicken-install r7rs datatype matchable monad`. This will download, build, and install a few extensions (Chicken calls them "eggs") relevant to ideas we'll be working with in this course. * **To install on Mac with MacPorts** @@ -274,18 +311,28 @@ The current version of OCaml is 4.02.1 (released October 2014). * **To install on Mac without MacPorts** - The people in charge of OCaml (they're at the French research institute INRIA) have stopped making pre-built packages for Mac OS X. One option you have is to use their package for a slightly older version of OCaml, 4.01.1 from Sept. 2013. You can find that as a "Precompiled binary for Mac OS X" on [this page](http://ocaml.org/releases/4.01.0.html). + The people in charge of OCaml (they're at the French research institute INRIA) have stopped making pre-built packages for Mac OS X. One option you have is to use their package for a slightly older version of OCaml, 4.01.1 from Sept. 2013. You can find that as a "Precompiled binary for Mac OS X" on [this page](http://ocaml.org/releases/4.01.0.html). If, when you attempt to install this package, you get an error about its being from an "unidentified developer," you need to control-click on the `ocaml.pkg` file and select "Open", then when the warning box appears again, this time there will be an "Open" button that you can click. Then you can continue running the Installer. A second option is to install the OPAM package manager and use that to build and install the latest version of OCaml. Here's how to do that: - 1. Download [this file](https://raw.github.com/ocaml/opam/master/shell/opam_installer.sh) and note where it gets saved to. + 1. Download [this file](https://raw.github.com/ocaml/opam/master/shell/opam_installer.sh) and + note where it gets saved to. If it opens in your browser, then type + command-S / Save Page and save it somewhere on your disk, again noting its + location. 2. Open a terminal and type: - sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/bin - sh /path/to/opam_installer.sh /usr/local/bin + sh /path/to/opam_installer.sh ~/bin + + Except replace `/path/to` with the real location, that you noted in step 1. When prompted "Do you want OPAM to modify ~/.bash_profile and ~/.ocamlinit?", say "y". - Except replace `/path/to` with the real location, that you noted in step 1. + 3. If that works, then type: + + opam init --comp 4.01.0 + + or whatever it was that the OPAM installer prompted you to type. This will download and install a fresh version of OCaml, and will take a bit of time. + + + On **Mac with MacPorts**: * In a Terminal, type `sudo port install haskell-platform`. @@ -401,11 +470,11 @@ If any of the instructions above don't work, then you can try alternative instru cabal update -It may give you a message about updating your `PATH` variable. On my Mac, I first typed `echo $PATH` and verified that `/usr/local/bin` appeared somewhere in the resulting string. (The elements are divided by `:` characters.) Then I typed this: +It may give you a message about updating your `PATH` variable. On my Mac, I was prompted to do this: echo 'export PATH="$HOME/Library/Haskell/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile -That was to update my `PATH` variable as instructed by Cabal. On a Linux machine, or if you installed Haskell differently on your Mac, you might have to type instead: +On a Linux machine, or if you installed Haskell differently on your Mac, you might have to type instead: echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.cabal/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile