X-Git-Url: http://lambda.jimpryor.net/git/gitweb.cgi?p=lambda.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=hints%2Fassignment_7_hint_3.mdwn;h=61f48a71350a2ac6f97fd3bb2da46e9b479db0f8;hp=0629c1ba426040725da39cea1370e20a212bc69b;hb=641e2e0035a5e3225f719c0ef201f93362b0f8ad;hpb=66ef1a36f8860c2fbccc353eded363c8a2040a04 diff --git a/hints/assignment_7_hint_3.mdwn b/hints/assignment_7_hint_3.mdwn index 0629c1ba..61f48a71 100644 --- a/hints/assignment_7_hint_3.mdwn +++ b/hints/assignment_7_hint_3.mdwn @@ -11,22 +11,46 @@ We're going to keep all of that, except dropping the worlds. And instead of talk we'll just talk about \[[expression]] and let that be a monadic object, implemented in part by a function that takes `(r, g)` as an argument. -More specifically, \[[expression]] will be a set of `'a discourse possibility` monads, where `'a` is the appropriate type for *expression*, and the discourse possibility monads are themselves state monads where `(r, g)` is the state that gets updated. Those are implemented as functions from `(r, g)` to `(a, r', g')`, where `a` is a value of type `'a`, and `r', g'` are possibly altered assignment functions and stores. +More specifically, \[[expression]] will be a set of `'a discourse_possibility` monads, where `'a` is the appropriate type for *expression*, and the discourse possibility monads are themselves state monads where `(r, g)` is the state that gets updated. Those are implemented as functions from `(r, g)` to `(a, r', g')`, where `a` is a value of type `'a`, and `r', g'` are possibly altered assignment functions and stores. * In def 2.7, GS&V talk about an operation that takes an existing set of discourse possibilities, and extends each member in the set by allocating a new location in the store, and assigning a variable `'x'` to that location, which holds some object `d` from the domain. It will be useful to have a shorthand way of referring to this operation: - let newpeg_and_bind (variable : char) (d : entity) = + let newpeg_and_bind (bound_variable : char) (d : entity) = fun ((r, g) : assignment * store) -> let newindex = List.length g (* first we store d at index newindex in g, which is at the very end *) (* the following line achieves that in a simple but very inefficient way *) in let g' = List.append g [d] (* next we assign 'x' to location newindex *) - in let r' = fun variable' -> - if variable' = variable then newindex else r variable' + in let r' = fun v -> + if v = bound_variable then newindex else r v (* the reason for returning a triple with () in first position will emerge *) in ((), r',g') -* At the top of p. 13 (this is in between defs 2.8 and 2.9), GS&V give two examples, one for \[[∃xPx]] and the other for \[[Qx]]. In fact it will be easiest for us to break \[[∃xPx]] into two pieces, \[[∃x]] and \[[Px]]. Let's consider expressions like \[[Px]] (or \[[Qx]]) first. +* At the top of p. 13 (this is in between defs 2.8 and 2.9), GS&V give two examples, one for \[[∃xPx]] and the other for \[[Qx]]. In fact it will be easiest for us to break \[[∃xPx]] into two pieces, \[[∃x]] and \[[Px]]. Let's consider expressions like \[[Px]] first. + + They say that the effect of updating an information state `s` with the meaning of "Qx" should be to eliminate possibilities in which the object associated with the peg associated with the variable `x` does not have the property Q. In other words, if we let `Q` be a function from objects to `bool`s, `s` updated with \[[Qx]] should be `s` filtered by the function `fun (r, g) -> let obj = List.nth g (r 'x') in Q obj`. + + Recall that [we said before](/hints/assignment_7_hint_2) that `List.filter (test : 'a -> bool) (u : 'a set) : 'a set` is the same as: + + bind_set u (fun a -> if test a then unit_set a else empty_set) + + Hence, updating `s` with \[[Qx]] should be: + + bind_set s (fun (r, g) -> if (let obj = List.nth g (r 'x') in Q obj) then unit_set (r, g) else empty_set) + + We can call the `(fun (r, g) -> ...)` part \[[Qx]] and then updating `s` with \[[Qx]] will be: + + bind_set s [[Qx]] + + or as it's written using Haskell's infix notation for bind: + + s >>= [[Qx]] + +* Now how shall we handle \[[∃x]]. As we said, GS&V really tell us how to interpret \[[∃xPx]], but what they say about this breaks naturally into two pieces, such that we can represent the update of `s` with \[[∃xPx]] as: + + s >>= [[∃x]] >>= [[Px]] + +