more generally; but you can assume that what we're talking about always works more
specifically in OCaml.
-It's helpful if in addition to OCaml you also install the Findlib add-on and/or the OPAM "package manager."
+It's helpful if in addition to OCaml you also install the
+Findlib add-on and/or the [OPAM](https://opam.ocaml.org) "package manager."
These will make it easier to install additional add-ons further down the road.
However, if you're not able to get them working, don't worry about it much.
* **To install in Windows**
- Go to <http://caml.inria.fr/download.en.html>.
+ There are *five* different strategies for installing OCaml on Windows. I don't know which works best.
+
+ 1. First, you can go to <http://caml.inria.fr/download.en.html>.
You can probably download and install the
"Self installer for the port based on the MinGW toolchain"
even if you don't know what MinGW or Cygwin are.
At the time of this writing, only an installer for an earlier
version of OCaml (4.01.0, from September 2013) is available.
- To install the Findlib add-on, you must have the
- Cygwin system installed. We assume few of you do,
- so we're not going to try to explain how to do this.
+ 2. A second strategy uses a package called
+ [OCPWIN](http://ocaml.org/docs/install.html#OCPWINSelfContainedOCamlforWindows). This also installs only version 4.01.0.
+
+ 3. The [three remaining strategies](http://ocaml.org/docs/install.html#OCamlonCygwin) in some way
+ use the Cygwin environment, mentioned earlier on this page. At least one of
+ those three methods will automatically fetch and help you install Cygwin.
+ The first method listed on that page says it installs version 4.00.1, but
+ really it's been updated and now installs the (somewhat newer, but still
+ not the newest) version 4.01.0.
+
+ Some of these methods may automatically install Findlib for you. If not,
+ you can try installing it yourself but I think you'll need the Cygwin
+ system installed to do so. I'm not going to explain how to do this.
If you want to figure it out yourself, go to the
Findlib website at <http://projects.camlcity.org/projects/findlib.html>.
* **To install on Mac without MacPorts**
- *Instructions coming*
+ The people in charge of OCaml (they're at the French research institute INRIA) have stopped making pre-built packages for Mac OS X. One option you have is to use their package for a slightly older version of OCaml, 4.01.1 from Sept. 2013. You can find that as a "Precompiled binary for Mac OS X" on [this page](http://ocaml.org/releases/4.01.0.html). If, when you attempt to install this package, you get an error about its being from an "unidentified developer," you need to control-click on the `ocaml.pkg` file and select "Open", then when the warning box appears again, this time there will be an "Open" button that you can click. Then you can continue running the Installer.
-* *Another instruction page focuses on [OPAM](http://ocaml.org/docs/install.html), also [this](https://opam.ocaml.org).*
+ A second option is to install the OPAM package manager and use that to build and install the latest version of OCaml. Here's how to do that:
-* *[More details about installing OCaml on Macs, if needed](http://mirror.ocamlcore.org/wiki.cocan.org/getting_started_with_ocaml_on_mac_os_x.html)*
+ 1. Download [this file](https://raw.github.com/ocaml/opam/master/shell/opam_installer.sh) and
+ note where it gets saved to. If it opens in your browser, then type
+ command-S / Save Page and save it somewhere on your disk, again noting its
+ location.
- <!--
- To install OCaml 3.12 (just released this summer), go to
- <http://caml.inria.fr/download.en.html>
- and download and install the "Binary distribution for Mac OS X"
-
- To install the Findlib add-on, you'll need the Xcode development tools
- to compile it yourself. Once you get that far, it's probably easiest
- for you to install MacPorts and just install things using the MacPorts
- instructions. (Use the MacPorts version of OCaml, instead of installing
- the package from the caml.inria.fr website, as described above)
- However, if you do have Xcode, and want to do without MacPorts, then
- what you need to do is download Findlib from
- <http://download.camlcity.org/download/findlib-1.2.6.tar.gz>.
- Unpack the download, open a Terminal and go into the folder you just
- unpacked, and type:
-
- ./configure
- make package-macosx
-
- This will build an installer package which you should be able to
- double-click and install.
- -->
+ 2. Open a terminal and type:
+
+ sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/bin
+ sudo sh /path/to/opam_installer.sh /usr/local/bin
+
+ Except replace `/path/to` with the real location, that you noted in step 1.
+
+ 3. If that works, then type:
+
+ opan init --comp 4.01.0
+
+ or whatever it was that the OPAM installer prompted you to type. This will download and install a fresh version of OCaml, and will take a bit of time.
+
+<!--
+If you do have Xcode, and want to do without MacPorts, then
+what you need to do is download Findlib from
+<http://download.camlcity.org/download/findlib-1.2.6.tar.gz>.
+Unpack the download, open a Terminal and go into the folder you just
+unpacked, and type:
+
+ ./configure
+ make package-macosx
+
+This will build an installer package which you should be able to
+double-click and install.
+-->
* **To install on Mac with MacPorts**
You can install the current version of OCaml (4.02.1, from October 2014),
together with the Findlib add-on and OPAM package manager, by opening a Terminal and typing:
- sudo port install ocaml caml-findlib opam
+ sudo port install ocaml ocaml-findlib opam
As with Scheme, it's helpful to also have rlwrap installed, and to start OCaml as `rlwrap ocaml`. This gives
you a nice history of the commands you've already typed, which you can scroll up and down in with your
Use your packaging system, for example, open a Terminal and
type:
- sudo apt-get install ocaml ocaml-findlib opam
+ sudo apt-get install ocaml opam camlp4-extra ocaml-findlib
That will install a version of OCaml and the Findlib add-on and OPAM package manager.
- If for some reason you can't get OCaml through your
- packaging system, you can go to
+ If you're using Ubuntu "Utopic" (14.10), there's [a note on the OPAM home page](https://opam.ocaml.org/doc/Install.html)
+ warning that its version of OPAM is broken, and not to use it. Here's how you can get (OCaml and) OPAM from a newer repository:
+
+ sudo apt-get install -y software-properties-common
+ sudo apt-apt-repository -y ppa:avsm/ppa
+ sudo apt-get update
+ sudo apt-get install ocaml opam
+
+ If for some reason you can't get OCaml through your Linux packaging system, you can go to
<http://caml.inria.fr/download.en.html>.
Pre-packaged binary installers are available for several Linux systems.
- If you can't get findlib through your packaging system, you'll
- need to download it from
+ If you can't get findlib through your packaging system, you'll need to download it from
<http://download.camlcity.org/download/findlib-1.5.5.tar.gz>.
- and use gcc to compile it yourself. If you don't know how to
- do that, you probably don't want to attempt this.
+ and use gcc to compile it yourself. If you don't know how to do that, you probably don't want to attempt this.
Here are the INSTALL notes:
<https://godirepo.camlcity.org/svn/lib-findlib/trunk/INSTALL>.
keyboard arrows.
+
## Getting Haskell ##
This last installation is less crucial than the others, since we will be focusing
* In a Terminal, type `sudo apt-get install haskell-platform`.
-If any of the instructions above don't work, then you can try alternative instructions for [Mac](http://new-www.haskell.org/downloads/osx) or [Windows](http://new-www.haskell.org/downloads/windows) or [Ubuntu](http://new-www.haskell.org/downloads/linux). After installing the software, open a Terminal and type `cabal update && cabal install alex happy`. <!-- If typing `which ghci` in a Terminal doesn't give you any reply, you may need to type `echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc`, then exit and restart your Terminal session. --> Note that this method doesn't install all the extensions that are part of the Haskell Platform, but only the core pieces of GHC. You can use Cabal to download and manage any extra extensions you turn out to need, down the road.
-
It's useful to know about the general [Haskell wiki](https://wiki.haskell.org) (not restricted to just GHC). They have a [Getting Started](https://wiki.haskell.org/Haskell_in_5_steps) page, which also recommends that you install the Haskell Platform.
+If any of the instructions above don't work, then you can try alternative instructions for [Mac](http://new-www.haskell.org/downloads/osx) or [Windows](http://new-www.haskell.org/downloads/windows) or [Ubuntu](http://new-www.haskell.org/downloads/linux). Note that this method doesn't install all the extensions that are part of the Haskell Platform, but only the core pieces of GHC. You can use Cabal to download and manage any extra extensions you turn out to need, down the road.
+
+**After installing Haskell**, open a Terminal and type:
+
+ cabal update
+
+It may give you a message about updating your `PATH` variable. On my Mac, I first typed `echo $PATH` and verified that `/usr/local/bin` appeared somewhere in the resulting string. (The elements are divided by `:` characters.) Then I typed this:
+
+ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/Library/Haskell/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
+
+That was to update my `PATH` variable as instructed by Cabal. On a Linux machine, or if you installed Haskell differently on your Mac, you might have to type instead:
+
+ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.cabal/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
+
+Some instructions may say to use `.bashrc` instead of `.bash_profile`. These files do similar jobs.
+
+After issuing the relevant `echo` command, I exited the Terminal and started a new Terminal session. Now if I type `echo $PATH` I should see the directory I just added in the list. Now I can contine setting up Cabal. I type:
+
+ which alex happy
+
+If that gives me back two pathnames, one to the program `alex` and the other to the program `happy`, then I'm already finished. If not, then I type:
+
+ cabal install alex happy
+
+This installs those two programs. They are helpers that Cabal needs to build and install some packages.
+
+<!-- https://github.com/pittsburgh-haskell/haskell-installation -->
+