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Monads ====== The [[tradition in the functional programming literature|https://wiki.haskell.org/Monad_tutorials_timeline]] is to introduce monads using a metaphor: monads are spacesuits, monads are monsters, monads are burritos. We're part of the backlash that prefers to say that monads are monads. The closest we will come to metaphorical talk is to suggest that monadic types place objects inside of boxes, and that monads wrap and unwrap boxes to expose or enclose the objects inside of them. In any case, the emphasis will be on starting with the abstract structure of monads, followed by instances of monads from the philosophical and linguistics literature. x